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founding a city

  • 1 πόλις

    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `citadel, fort, city, city community, state' (Il.; on the meaning in Hom. Hoffmann Festschr. Snell 153ff.).
    Other forms: Also (ep. Cypr. Thess.) πτόλις, - εως, Ion. - ιος, - ηος;
    Dialectal forms: Myc. potorijo has been interpreted as *Πτολίων.
    Compounds: As 1. member e.g. in πτολί-πορθος (- πόρθιος, - πόρθης) `sacking cities, destroyer of cities' (ep. Il.); enlarged in IA. πολιοῦχος (from - ιο-ουχ.); Dor. πολι-ά̄-οχος, - ιᾶχος, ep. πολι-ή-οχος `ruling a city, city protector'; in A. also the unexplained πολισσο- in πολισσοῦχος, πολισσο-νομέω. Very often as 2. member, e.g. ἀκρο-πολις = πόλις ἄκρη `upper town, citadel' (Od.); on this and on the other compp. Risch IF 59, 261 ff.
    Derivatives: 1. expressive enlargement πτολί-εθρον n. (ep. Il.); cf. μέλαθρον, θέμεθλα, ἔδεθλον (Schwyzer 533). 2. Diminut. πολίχνη f., often as PlN (IA.) with - ίχνιον (Att.); πολίδιον (ῑ̆) n. (Str.). 3. Πολιεύς (- ηύς) m. `city guardian' (Thera before Va, Arist., hell.; Bosshardt 60); f. Πολιάς (IA., Arg.). 4. πολίτης (ῑ; ep., Sapph., Att.), πολι-ά̄-τας, - ή-της (Dor. Aeol., Β 806, Ion.; after οἰκιά-τας, - ιή-της a.o.) m. `citizen, townsman', f. - ῖτις (S., E., Pl.); from this πολιτ-ικός `civic, political' (Hdt. 7, 103, Att.; Chantraine Études 123); - εύομαι, - εύω `to be citizen, to take part in state affairs' (Att. etc.; πολιατεύω Gortyn) with - εία, Ion. - ηίη, - ευμα (Hdt., Att.; on the meaning Wilhelm Glotta 14, 78ff., 83f., Papazoglou REGr. 72, 100ff. resp. Ruppel Phil. 82, 268ff., Engers Mnem. 54, 154ff.); also πολιτισμός `administration' (D. L.; - ισμός analog., Chantraine Form. 143). 5. Denominat. πολίζω, aor. - ίσ(σ)αι, rare a. late with ἐν-, συν- a.o., `to found (a city), to cultivate a place by founding a city' (ep. Ion., X.) with πόλ-ισμα `foundation (of a city)' (Ion. poet., Th.; Chantraine Form. 189), - ισμάτιον (hell.), - ισμός `foundation of a city' (D. H., Lyd.), - ιστής `founder of a city' (Poll. 9, 6; rejected).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [799] * pelH- `fortification' from * pelH- `pout'?
    Etymology: The byform πτόλις (also Arc. Πτόλις, name of the castle in Mantinea; Thess. οἱ ττολίαρχοι w. assim.) is not convincingly explained. Hypotheses w. further details in Schwyzer 325 (w. lit.); further Kretschmer Glotta 22, 206, Deroy Ant. class. 23, 305ff., Merlingen Μνήμης χάριν 2, 57, Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 75ff., 112 n. 4 (cf. also on πτόλεμος). To be rejected the identification of πόλις from *pu̯olis with Arm. k'alak` `town' (Winter Lang. 31,8).-- Old word for `castle, refugecastle', except in Greek further only in the east attested (cf. Kretschmer Glotta 22, 107, Porzig Gliederung 173): Skt. pū́r f., acc. púr-am, Lith. pilìs f. Both the Skt. and the Lith. word show zero grade, which has also been considered possible for πόλις (Schwyzer 344); the i-stem in πόλ-ις and pil-ìs is secondary enlargement. Thee repeated proposals, to connect this very ancient word for `citadel' with the verb for `fill' ( πίμπλημι; since Pott) or for `dump' (Lith. pìlti; Fick; lastly Fraenkel Zeitschr. slav. Phil. 6, 91), has as unproven hypothesis not much interest. -- WP. 2, 51, Pok. 799, Mayrhofer and Fraenkel s. vv. w. further details a. lit.
    Page in Frisk: 2,576-577

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πόλις

  • 2 συνοικισμός

    A living together, wedlock, D.S.18.23;

    ἀνδρὸς καὶ γυναικός Plu.Sol.20

    .
    II = foreg., Plb.4 33.7: pl.,

    πόλεων Str.10.4.8

    ; founding a city, Plu.Rom.9.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συνοικισμός

  • 3 κτίσις

    κτίσις, εως, ἡ (s. prec. and two next entries; Pind.+).
    ① act of creation, creation (Iren. 1, 17, 1 [Harv. I 164, 11]; Hippol., Ref. 6, 33 κ. τοῦ κόσμου; 6, 55, 1; Did., Gen. 24, 4): ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου since the creation of the world Ro 1:20 (cp. PsSol 8, 7; ApcSed 8:10; Jos., Bell. 4, 533). The Son of God was σύμβουλος τῷ πατρὶ τῆς κτίσεως αὐτοῦ counselor to the Father in his creative work Hs 9, 12, 2.
    ② the result of a creative act, that which is created (EpArist 136; 139; TestReub 2:9).
    ⓐ of individual things or beings created, creature (Tob 8:5, 15) created thing τὶς κ. ἑτέρα any other creature Ro 8:39. οὐκ ἔστιν κ. ἀφανὴς ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ no creature is hidden from (God’s) sight Hb 4:13. πᾶν γένος τῆς κ. τοῦ κυρίου every kind of creature that the Lord made Hs 9, 1, 8; πᾶσα κ. every created thing (cp. Jdth 9:12) MPol 14:1. Of Christ πρωτότοκος πάσης κ. Col 1:15. Of the name of God ἀρχέγονον πάσης κ. 1 Cl 59:3. τὸ εὐαγγέλιον … τὸ κηρυχθὲν ἐν πάσῃ κτίσει the gospel … which has been preached to every creature (here limited to human beings) Col 1:23.—Pl. (En 18:1) δοξάζειν τὰς κτίσεις τοῦ θεοῦ praise the created works of God Hv 1, 1, 3.—The Christian is described by Paul as καινὴ κ. a new creature 2 Cor 5:17, and the state of being in the new faith by the same words as a new creation Gal 6:15 (cp. Jos., Ant. 18, 373 καιναὶ κτίσεις). S. on ἐκλογή end.
    ⓑ the sum total of everything created, creation, world (ApcMos 32; SibOr 5, 152; ὁρωμένη κ. Did., Gen. 1 B, 6; 13 A, 2) ἡ κ. αὐτοῦ Hv 1, 3, 4. ἐν ἀρχῇ τῆς κ. at the beginning of the world B 15:3; ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς κ. from the beginning of the world Mk 13:19; 2 Pt 3:4. Likew. Mk 10:6; πᾶσα ἡ κ. the whole creation (Jdth 16:14; Ps 104:21 v.l.; TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 7 [Stone p. 32], B 12 p. 116, 31 [St. p. 80]; TestLevi 4:1; TestNapht 2:3; ParJer 9:6; PGM 12, 85) Hv 3, 4, 1; m 12, 4, 2; Hs 5, 6, 5; 9, 14, 5; 9, 23, 4; 9, 25, 1. The whole world is full of God’s glory 1 Cl 34:6. ἀόργητος ὑπάρχει πρὸς πᾶσαν τὴν κτίσιν αὐτοῦ 19:3. ὁ υἱὸς τ. θεοῦ πάσης τ. κτίσεως αὐτοῦ προγενέστερός ἐστιν the Son of God is older than all his creation Hs 9, 12, 2. πᾶσα ἡ κ. limited to humankind Mk 16:15; Hm 7:5. Also ἡ κτίσις τῶν ἀνθρώπων D 16:5.—αὕτη ἡ κ. this world (earthly in contrast to heavenly) Hb 9:11.—κ. the creation, what was created in contrast to the Creator (Wsd 16:24) Ro 1:25 (EpArist 139 θεὸν σεβόμενοι παρʼ ὅλην τὴν κτίσιν).—Of Christ ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς κτίσεως τοῦ θεοῦ Rv 3:14 (s. ἀρχή 3).—The mng. of κτ. is in dispute in Ro 8:19–22, though the pass. is usu. taken to mean the waiting of the whole creation below the human level (animate and inanimate—so, e.g., OCullmann, Christ and Time [tr. FFilson] ’50, 103).—HBiedermann, D. Erlösg. der Schöpfung beim Ap. Pls. ’40.
    ③ system of established authority that is the result of some founding action, governance system, authority system. Corresponding to 1, κτίσις is also the act by which an authoritative or governmental body is created (ins in CB I/2, 468 no. 305 [I A.D.]: founding of the Gerousia [Senate]. Somewhat comparable, of the founding of a city: Scymnus Chius vs. 89 κτίσεις πόλεων). But then, in accordance with 2, it is prob. also the result of the act, the institution or authority itself 1 Pt 2:13 (Diod S 11, 60, 2 has κτίστης as the title of a high official. Cp. νομοθεσία in both meanings: 1. lawgiving, legislation; 2. the result of an action, i.e. law.) To a Hellene a well-ordered society was primary (s. Aristot., Pol. 1, 1, 1, 1252). It was understood that the function of government was to maintain such a society, and the moral objective described in vs. 14 is in keeping with this goal.—BBrinkman, ‘Creation’ and ‘Creature’ I, Bijdragen (Nijmegen) 18, ’57, 129–39, also 359–74; GLampe, The NT Doctrine of κτίσις, SJT 17, ’64, 449–62.—DELG s.v. κτίζω. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κτίσις

  • 4 θεμέλιος

    θεμέλιος, ου, ὁ (s. prec. and next entry; Thu. 1, 93, 2; Polyb. 1, 40, 9; Lucian, Calum. 20; Macho Com., Fgm. 2 V. 2 K. [in Athen. 8, 346a]; Epict. 2, 15, 8; SIG 888, 55; 70; LXX [s. Thackeray 154]; En 18:1; TestSol 8:12 τοὺς θ. τοῦ ναοῦ; JosAs 15:13 cod. A [p. 62, 12 Bat.] ἀπὸ τῶν θεμελίων τῆς ἀβύσσου; Philo, Cher. 101, Spec. Leg. 2, 110; Jos., Bell. 5, 152, Ant. 5, 31; 11, 19; loanw. in rabb. In our lit. the masc. is certainly sg. in 1 Cor 3:11f; 2 Tim 2:19; Rv 21:19b; 1 Cl 33:3; Hs 9, 4, 2; 9, 14, 6; pl. in Hb 11:10; Rv 21:14, 19a)
    ① the supporting base for a structure, foundation
    ⓐ of a stone that constitutes a foundation (cp. Aristoph., Aves 1137 θεμέλιοι λίθοι: here θεμέλιος is an adj.) θεμελίους Rv 21:14; οἱ θ. 19a; ὁ θ. 19b.
    ⓑ of the structural base for a building (Diod S 11, 63, 1 ἐκ θεμελίων; Philo, Exsecr. 120 ἐκ θεμελίων ἄχρι στέγους οἰκίαν; TestSol 8:12 ὀρύσσειν τοὺς θ. τοῦ ναοῦ) χωρὶς θεμελίου Lk 6:49. τιθέναι θεμέλιον (cp. Hyperid. 6, 14) 14:29; ἐπί τι on someth. 6:48. The foundations of the heavenly city built by God τοὺς θ. Hb 11:10 (s. RKnopf, Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 215; LMuntingh, Hb 11:8–10 in the Light of the Mari Texts: AvanSelms Festschr. ’71, 108–20 [contrasts ‘tents of Abraham’ w. the city]).
    ② the basis for someth. taking place or coming into being, foundation, fig. extension of mng. 1
    ⓐ of the elementary beginnings of a thing; of the founding of a congregation ἐπʼ ἀλλότριον θ. Ro 15:20; θεμέλιον ἔθηκα 1 Cor 3:10; οἰκοδομεῖν ἐπὶ τὸν θ. 12. Of elementary teachings θεμέλιον καταβάλλεσθαι lay a foundation (Dionys. Hal. 3, 69; cp. the lit. use Jos., Ant. 11, 93; 15, 391) Hb 6:1. θεμέλιος τῆς οἰκοδομῆς Hs 9, 4, 2; of Christ s. 2b.
    ⓑ of the indispensable prerequisites for someth. to come into being: God’s will is the foundation of an orderly creation ἐπὶ τὸν ἀσφαλῆ … θ. 1 Cl 33:3. The foundation of the Christian church or congregation: Christ θ. … ἄλλον … θεῖναι 1 Cor 3:11 (AFridrichsen, TZ 2, ’46, 316f); αὐτὸς θεμέλιος αὐτοῖς ἐγένετο he (God’s son) became its foundation Hs 9, 14, 6; the apostles and prophets ἐπὶ τῷ θ. Eph 2:20; cp. ὁ … στερεὸς … θ. 2 Ti 2:19.
    ⓒ a foundation provides stability, therefore treasure, reserve (Philo, Sacr. Abel. 81 θεμέλιος τῷ φαύλῳ κακία, Leg. All. 3, 113) 1 Ti 6:19 θεμέλιον καλὸν εἰς τὸ μέλλον = ‘something fine to build on for the future’.—DELG s.v. θεμός. Frisk s.v. θέμεθλα. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > θεμέλιος

  • 5 ἐμός

    ἐμός (ἐμόν, -ῶν; -ά, -ᾶς, -ᾷ, -άν, -ά, -ᾶν, -αῖς; -ον nom., acc., - ῶν.)
    1 my, our referring normally to both chorus and Pindar, but occasionally to the chorus alone Πα. 2. 29 e. g., and apparently to Pindar alone P. 3.78, P. 10.56, e. g.

    ματρομάτωρ ἐμὰ Στυμφαλίς, εὐανθὴς Μετώπα, πλάξιππον ἃ Θήβαν ἔτικτεν O. 6.84

    ἐμῶν δ' ὕμνων ἄεξεὐτερπὲς ἄνθος O. 6.105

    πόθι φρενὸς ἐμᾶς γέγραπται O. 10.3

    ὁ μέλλων χρόνος ἐμὸν καταίσχυνε βαθὺ χρέος O. 10.8

    ἀλλ' ἐπεύξασθαι μὲν ἐγὼν ἐθέλω Ματρί, τὰν κοῦραι παῤ ἐμὸν πρόθυρον σὺν Πανὶ μέλπονται θαμὰ σεμνὰν θεὸν ἐννύχιαι (ὅτι ἐγειτνία τῇ Πινδάρου οἰκήσει Μητρὸς θεῶν ἱερὸν καὶ Πανός, ὅπερ αὐτὸς ἱδρύσατο. Σ, but v. Fränkel, Hermes 1961, 392 on Kallistratos) P. 3.78

    τὸν δ' ἀμφέποντ αἰεὶ φρασὶν δαίμον ἀσκήσω κατ ἐμὰν θεραπεύων μαχανάν P. 3.109

    τὸ δ' ἐμὸν γαρύει ἀπὸ Σπάρτας ἐπήρατον κλέος (ἀπὸ τοῦ χοροῦ ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ ποιητοῦ. Σ, but possibly both. cf. O. 6.84) P. 5.72

    ἐμᾷ ποτανὸν ἀμφὶ μαχανᾷ P. 8.34

    Ἀλκμᾶνα στεφάνοισι βάλλω γείτων ὅτι μοι καὶ κτεάνων φύλαξ ἐμῶν ὑπάντασεν ἰόντι γᾶς ὀμφαλὸν παρ' ἀοίδιμον (reference unknown) P. 8.58

    Ἐφυραίων ὄπ' ἀμφὶ Πηνειὸν γλυκεῖαν προχεόντων ἐμὰν P. 10.56

    ἐμὰν ποιπνύων χάριν τόδ' ἔζευξεν ἅρμα Πιερίδων P. 10.64

    θυμέ, τίνα πρὸς ἀλλοδαπὰν ἄκραν ἐμὸν πλόον παραμείβεαι; N. 3.27

    κεῖνος ἀμφ' Ἀχέροντι ναιετάων ἐμὰν γλῶσσαν εὑρέτω κελαδῆτιν N. 4.85

    Αἰακὸν ἐμᾷ μὲν πολίαρχον εὐωνύμῳ πάτρᾳ (ἑᾷ Hermann: “quo sensu Aeacus Thebanorum πολίαρχος dici potuerit ignoramus.” Puech: cf. v. 61 ξεῖνός εἰμι) N. 7.85

    τὸ δ' ἐμὸν οὔ ποτε φάσει κέαρ N. 7.102

    ναὶ μὰ γὰρ ὅρκον, ἐμὰν δόξαν κάλλιον ἂν δηριώντων ἐνόστησ' ἀντιπάλων (κατὰ τὴν ἐμὴν δόκησιν. Σ.) N. 11.24

    μᾶτερ ἐμὰ, χρύσασπι Θήβα I. 1.1

    ταῦτα, Νικάσιππ, ἀπόνειμον, ὅταν ξεῖνον ἐμὸν ἠθαῖον ἔλθῃς i. e. to Thrasyboulos of Akragas I. 2.48

    τὸ δ' ἐμόν, οὐκ ἄτερ Αἰακιδᾶν, κέαρ ὕμνων γεύεται I. 5.19

    ματρὸς δὲ ματέρ' ἐμᾶς ἔτεκον ἔμπαν a chorus of Abderitans sing of their founding city Teos Pae. 2.29

    ἦλθον ἔταις ἀμαχανίαν ἀλέξων τεοῖσιν ἐμαῖς τε τιμαῖς Pae. 6.11

    ]ἐμὸν τ[ Pae. 10.17

    ]νας ἐμᾶς διψῶντα[ Παρθ. 2.. μελισσοτεύκτων κηρίων ἐμὰ γλυκερώτερος ὀμφά fr. 152. ὤνασσ' Ἀλάθεια, μὴ πταίσῃς ἐμὰν σύνθεσιν τραχεῖ ποτὶ ψεύδει fr. 205. 3. in direct speech, “ ποθέω στρατιᾶς ὀφθαλμὸν ἐμᾶς” O. 6.16 “ ἀρχαίαν κομίζων πατρὸς ἐμοῦ τιμάν” P. 4.106 “εἴ ποτ' ἐμᾶν, ὦ Ζεῦ πάτερ, θυμῷ θέλων ἀρᾶν ἄκουσας” I. 6.42 “τὸ μὲν ἐμόν, Πηλέι γέρας θεόμορον ὀπάσσαι γάμου Αἰακίδᾳ” (τοῦτο ἰσοδυναμεῖ τῷ κατὰ ἐμὲ ἢ κατὰ τὴν ἐμὴν γνώμην. Σ.) I. 8.38 “

    ἐμὰν ματέρα λιπόντες καὶ ὅλον οἶκον Pae. 4.44

    Lexicon to Pindar > ἐμός

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